Raymond C. Rumpf, Ph.d., arbejder med en studerende i EM Lab i University of Texas ved El Paso's College of Engineering. Kredit:UTEP Communications
Raymond C. Rumpf, Ph.d., og hans EM Lab -team motiveres af ekstreme udfordringer, som andre anser for at være umulige.
Schellenger -professoren i elektrisk forskning ved University of Texas ved El Paso's College of Engineering leder EM Lab, et rum dedikeret til banebrydende højrisiko, high-payoff-koncepter inden for elektromagnetik og fotoniske teknologier, der aktiveres af 3D-udskrivning.
"Vi holder et skilt over vores skraldespand, der siger, 'Inkrementelle tanker' på den med en pil, der peger nedad, "Rumpf sagde i spøg." Hvis vi tror, at det kan lade sig gøre, vi er nok ikke interesserede. "
Men der er ikke noget sjovt ved de opdagelser, der er gjort inden for laboratoriets rammer. Siden 2010 har Rumpf og hans team af forskere har set adskillige revolutionære projekter blive til noget, herunder udvikling af en ultrahøj effektfrekvens selektiv overflade og en af verdens tyndeste dielektriske antenner. Ud over, holdet har registreret, hvad der sandsynligvis er den strammeste bøjning af en optisk stråle. Imidlertid, EM Labs seneste gennembrud er dets mest ambitiøse og vidtrækkende endnu. Tidligere i år, forskere gennemførte den første sande tredimensionelle, volumetrisk kredsløb ved hjælp af en fuldautomatisk proces. Det er en bedrift, som Rumpf sagde, kan ændre paradigmet for, hvordan produkter med elektrisk funktionalitet er designet og fremstillet.
"Dette er et meget vigtigt skridt og potentielt forstyrrende præstation, "Rumpf sagde." Der er mange andre store forskningsgrupper, der har jagtet dette. Det er hvad alle på dette område arbejder hen imod og taler om, endnu har ingen endnu opnået det. Det er en slags hellig gral til 3D-printede kredsløb, og det blev opnået her på UTEP. "
Forskning i 3-D/volumetrisk kredsløbsteknologi blev baseret på forestillingen om, at et tredimensionelt kredsløb giver mere frihed til at gøre kredsløb mindre, lettere og mere effektivt. 3D-print gør det muligt at fremstille dem i vilkårlige formfaktorer, der kan integreres i ethvert objekt eller overflade. Konceptet giver mange muligheder for fremstillingsindustrien. Rumpf sagde, at dette nylige gennembrud kom som et resultat af mange års forskning og samling af alle de værktøjer og processer, det ville tage at opnå.
"De sidste tre år er brugt på at udvikle futuristiske CAD (computer-aided design) værktøjer, at producere 3-D/volumetriske kredsløb. Disse værktøjer findes ikke andre steder, "Sagde Rumpf.
At opnå disse resultater krævede arbejde fra et team af EM Lab -forskere - Gilbert Carranza, Ubaldo Robles, Cesar Valle og Rumpf selv.
Carranza, en doktorand, begyndte sin forskning i EM Lab som bachelor senior for to år siden. Da Rumpf præsenterede udfordringen med at finde en måde at designe kredsløb i tre dimensioner, Carranza sprang på lejligheden. Han brugte en open-source CAD-software til at integrere sine brugerdefinerede funktioner, der gjorde det muligt for EM Lab at designe ægte 3D-kredsløb.
"Jeg byggede et brugerdefineret værktøj, der giver os mulighed for at placere elektriske komponenter i enhver position og i enhver retning, "Carranza sagde." Vi kan føre de elektriske forbindelser gennem alle tre dimensioner efter glatte stier. "
Carranza arbejdede et år med softwaren for at producere den første version.
"Vi kunne ikke gå noget ud over det, "Carranza sagde." Vi havde ikke det nødvendige værktøj til rent faktisk at oversætte mit design til noget, der kunne læses af vores 3D-printer. "
Indtast Robles og Valle. Parret er også ph.d.-studerende og EM Lab-forskere, der tilbringer mange timer i 3D-trykkeriet. Meget af det sidste år blev brugt på at forsøge at bygge bro mellem Carranzas software og udskrivningsprocessen. I begyndelsen af sommeren, Robles gennemførte med succes en grænseflade, der kunne konvertere kredsløbets design til kode, som printeren kan læse for at bygge kredsløbet i et problemfrit trin. Derfra, Valle og Carranza finjusterede processen og producerede verdens første 3-D/volumetriske kredsløb ved hjælp af deres automatiserede proces.
Raymond C. Rumpf, Ph.d., centrum, stands with two of his graduate research assistants, Gilbert Carranza, venstre, and Cesar Valle. The trio work in Rumpf's EM Lab in The University of Texas at El Paso's College of Engineering. Dette år, the lab developed the world's first 3D/volumetric circuit. Credit:Laura Trejo / UTEP Communications
"Getting the CAD, code generator, and 3-D printer to play along well together proved the most difficult step, " Valle said. "Typically, when you make a circuit, it's two steps. You start with a thin sheet of plastic. Oven i købet, you form metal traces, then put electrical components onto that. What our tool does that is unique is it combines these processes, and it does it in three dimensions with complete design freedom. We are now able to load 3-D files, hit 'run' and out comes the part. Literally 'File, ' 'Print.'"
Rumpf said there is a huge array of applications for this technology, which was developed using funding from the U.S. Army Research Laboratory at Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland, and the Air Force Research Laboratory at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio. With the ability to build circuits into any shape or surface, electronics can be built into anything with virtually no added size or weight.
"We can make circuits in any form or fashion, " Rumpf said. "You could put circuits in munitions, in eyeglasses, in shoes, and even in coffee mugs. You can be at a restaurant drinking coffee and, when the liquid gets down to a certain level the server gets notified before you have to say anything. It's about making electronics ubiquitous in many different things."
He added that another aspect of this innovation will be the ability for small businesses that can buy a 3-D printer to become electronics manufacturers with the ability to produce products where each is customized.
"I fremtiden, I don't think you will see places, such as major electronics manufacturing companies, churning out billions of things and dominating the market nearly as often, " Rumpf said. "Instead, you may have thousands of small businesses in the U.S. churning out thousands of products, both mass-produced and customized. Our 3-D circuit technology may be the first step to change the paradigm of circuit manufacturing. And it may enable us to exploit and incorporate new physics in traditional planar (2-D) circuitry.
For the EM Lab graduate researchers, the effort provided real-world experience in the development of a technology that holds great promise to revolutionize manufacturing of circuits. It is something they credit with spurring them to continue their academic careers past their undergraduate journeys. Their breakthrough also offers the opportunity that a business could be incubated in El Paso to commercialize the EM Lab's multiple achievements, something that would keep them closer to home.
"I want to stay here in El Paso, " Carranza said. "My whole life is here. I didn't think UTEP had anything like this. I expected to graduate then go somewhere else. I never thought I was going to be doing research that could literally change the world until I stumbled upon the EM Lab." Valle echoed those views. "Four years ago, if you asked me if I wanted to get a Ph.D., I would have said, 'no, '" Valle said. "Now, I'm close to getting it. I never considered that UTEP had such incredible opportunities for research like what is happening in the EM Lab."
Rumpf said there is something about his student researchers that elevates the level of work that can be conducted at the EM Lab.
"What we do is extremely difficult and high-risk, " Rumpf said. "EM Lab students spend years just developing the tools they need to do their research. They know when they start their research, they're probably going to fail many times, because we are pushing ourselves that far. The type of person willing to take on this daunting level of risk and challenge is what UTEP and El Paso have to offer. It's a personal philosophy, and I don't think we could have accomplished this any other place but here."