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Hawaii vulkan kan snart sprænge sin top, kaste sten og aske (opdatering)

Denne onsdag, 9. maj kl. 2018, foto viser en luftfoto af East Rift Zone, langs hvilket Leilani Estates -kvarteret sidder, fra det igangværende Kilauea -udbrud, set fra en helikopter, der flyver rundt i Pahoa, Hawaii. Hawaii County Civil Defense -embedsmand rapporterede onsdag morgen, at lava har spredt sig over 104 hektar, ødelægger 36 strukturer, de fleste af dem hjem. (Cindy Ellen Russell/Honolulu Star-Advertiser via AP)

En Hawaii -vulkan truer med at sprænge sin top i de kommende dage eller uger efter sprutende lava i en uge, tvinger omkring 2, 000 mennesker til at evakuere, ødelægger to dusin hjem og truer et geotermisk anlæg.

Eksperter frygter Kilauea -vulkanen på Big Island, den kan kaste aske og kampesten på størrelse med køleskabe kilometer op i luften.

Men forskere siger, at en eksplosiv eksplosion ikke ville være dødelig, hvis folk holder sig ude af lukkede områder i en nationalpark omkring vulkanen.

"Hvis det går op, det vil komme ned, "sagde Charles Mandeville, vulkanfarekoordinator for U.S. Geological Survey. "Du vil ikke være under noget, der vejer 10 tons, når det kommer ud ved 193 km / t."

Den ekstra trussel kan jordfly i en af ​​øens to store lufthavne og udgøre andre farer. Vulkanparken lukkede på ubestemt tid torsdag aften på grund af risiciene.

"Vi ved, at vulkanen er i stand til at gøre dette, "Sagde Mandeville, med henvisning til lignende eksplosioner ved Kilauea i 1925, 1790 og fire andre gange i løbet af de sidste tusinde år. "Vi ved, at det er en klar mulighed."

Han ville ikke anslå sandsynligheden for en sådan eksplosion, men de interne vulkanske forhold ændrer sig på en måde, der kan føre til en eksplosion om cirka en uge. Vulkanens indre VVS kan stadig forhindre en eksplosion.

Sgt. 1. klasse Carl Satterwaite, fra den amerikanske nationalgarde, tester luftkvaliteten i nærheden af ​​revner, der udsender vulkanske gasser fra en lavastrøm i Leilani Estates -underafdelingen nær Pahoa, Hawaii torsdag, 10. maj kl. 2018. Kilauea har ødelagt mere end 35 strukturer, siden det begyndte at frigive lava fra ventilationsåbninger cirka 40 kilometer øst for topkrateret. (AP Photo/Jae C. Hong)

Hvis der sker et eksplosivt udbrud, et topmøde kan også frigive damp og svovldioxidgas.

Kilauea har ødelagt 36 strukturer - heraf 26 hjem - siden den 3. maj, da det begyndte at frigive lava fra ventilationsåbninger cirka 40 kilometer øst for topkrateret. 15 ventilationsåbninger er nu spredt gennem kvartererne Leilani Estates og Lanipuna Gardens.

Hawaii -guvernør David Ige, en demokrat sagde, at besætninger på et geotermisk energianlæg nær lavaudbruddet fremskyndede fjernelsen af ​​lagret brandfarligt brændstof som en sikkerhedsforanstaltning. Puna Geothermal Venture -anlægget havde omkring 50, 000 gallon (189, 270 liter) pentan. Det blev fjernet tidligt torsdag.

Barbara Lozano, der bor inden for en kilometer fra anlægget, sagde, at hun ville have tænkt to gange om at købe sin ejendom, hvis hun havde kendt risiciene.

"Hvorfor lod de os købe bolig, vidste det var en farlig situation? Hvorfor lod de folk bygge rundt omkring det? "Spurgte hun.

Denne onsdag, 9. maj kl. 2018, foto viser en luftfoto af East Rift Zone, langs hvilket Leilani Estates -kvarteret sidder, fra det igangværende Kilauea -udbrud, set fra en helikopter, der flyver i Pahoa, Hawaii. Kraftværket Puna Geothermal Venture ses nederst til højre. Hvis Hawaii's Kilauea vulkan blæser sin top i de kommende dage eller uger, som eksperter frygter, det kunne kaste aske og kampesten på størrelse med køleskabe kilometer op i luften, lukning af flytrafik og fare for liv i alle retninger, sagde forskere torsdag. (Cindy Ellen Russell/Honolulu Star-Advertiser via AP)

Avani kærlighed, 29, flyttede til Big Island for cirka en måned siden fra Maui med sine fire børn. De evakuerede deres hjem 3. maj, og fandt først ud af, at den blev ødelagt, da en slægtning gik tilbage for at hente hendes personlige ejendele.

Mens hun siger, at hun er ked af at have mistet sit hjem, hun føler også en fornemmelse af fornyelse forårsaget af Pele, den hawaiiske vulkan gudinde, at rette overbefolkning af øen.

"Alle kommer her, "sagde hun." Når du har det, det er Peles måde at rydde hus og restaurere stedet. Der er skønhed og også mørke. "

Ingen bor i topmødets umiddelbare område. Samfund omkring 3 miles væk kunne brusebad af stenfragmenter i ærtestørrelse eller støvet med ikke-toksisk aske, sagde Tina Neal, ansvarlig videnskabsmand ved Hawaii Volcano Observatory.

Det, der kan ske, er ikke et udbrud af vulkanske gasser, men for det meste fanget damp fra lynopvarmet grundvand, der frigives som i et køkkenkomfur, med sten, sagde vulkanolog Janine Krippner fra Concord University i West Virginia.

Besøgende reflekteres i vinduet på Jaggar -museet, når de ser Kilaueas topkrater i Volcanoes National Park, Hawaii, Torsdag, 10. maj kl. 2018. Parken lukker fredag ​​på grund af truslen om et eksplosivt vulkanudbrud. (AP Photo/Jae C. Hong)

Problemet er lavasøen på toppen af ​​Kilauea dræner hurtigt, ca. 2 meter i timen, Sagde Mandeville.

Om lidt mere end en uge, toppen af ​​lavasøen er gået fra at spilde over krateret til næsten 970 fod (295 meter) under overfladen torsdag morgen, Sagde Mandeville. Lavastandene i søen falder, fordi lavaen udspringer af revner andre steder i bjerget, sænke trykket, der fyldte lavasøen.

"Dette er en enorm ændring. Det er tre fodboldbaner, der går ned, "Sagde Mandeville.

The fear is that it will go below the underground water table—another 1, 000 feet (305 meters) further down—and that would trigger a chain of events that could lead to a "very violent" steam explosion, Mandeville said.

At the current rate of change, that is about six or seven days away.

Visitors view Kilauea's summit crater outside the Jaggar Museum in Volcanoes National Park, Hawaii, Torsdag, May 10, 2018. The park is closing Friday due to the threat of an explosive volcanic eruption. (AP Photo/Jae C. Hong)

Once the lava drops, rocks that had been superheated could fall into the lava tube. And once the lava drops below the water table, water hits rocks that are as hot as almost 2, 200 degrees (1, 200 Celsius) and flashes into steam. When the water hits the lava, it also steams. And the dropped rocks hold that steam in until it blows.

A similar 1924 explosion hurled pulverized rock, ash and steam as high as 5.4 miles (9 kilometers) into the sky, for severak weeks. If another blast happens, the danger zone could extend about 3 miles (5 kilometers) from the summit to land that all falls within the national park, Mandeville said.

The small, aptly named town of Volcano, Hawaii, befolkning 2, 500, is about 3 miles (4.83 kilometers) from the summit.

Janet Coney, office manager of the Kilauea Lodge, an inn and restaurant. said officials told her lodge employees probably won't have to worry about rocks raining down on them but might experience falling ash.

  • People visits the Jaggar Museum located near Kilauea's summit crater in Volcanoes National Park, Hawaii, Torsdag, May 10, 2018. The park is closing Friday due to the threat of an explosive volcanic eruption. (AP Photo/Jae C. Hong)

  • People stand outside the Jaggar Museum overlooking Kilauea's summit crater in Volcanoes National Park, Hawaii, Torsdag, May 10, 2018. The park is closing Friday due to the threat of an explosive volcanic eruption. (AP Photo/Jae C. Hong)

  • Steam and gas rise along the edge of Kilauea's summit crater in Volcanoes National Park, Hawaii, Torsdag, May 10, 2018. The park is closing Friday due to the threat of an explosive volcanic eruption. (AP Photo/Jae C. Hong)

  • Steam and gas rise from Kilauea's summit crater in Volcanoes National Park, Hawaii, Torsdag, May 10, 2018. The park is closing Friday due to the threat of an explosive volcanic eruption. (AP Photo/Jae C. Hong)

  • Raindrops sit on the plastic cover of a park ranger's hat outside the Jaggar Museum overlooking Kilauea's summit crater in Volcanoes National Park, Hawaii, Torsdag, May 10, 2018. The park is closing Friday due to the threat of an explosive volcanic eruption. (AP Photo/Jae C. Hong)

  • A couple sits on the edge of the Jaggar Museum's overlook to view Kilauea's summit crater in Volcanoes National Park, Hawaii, Torsdag, May 10, 2018. The park is closing Friday due to the threat of an explosive volcanic eruption. (AP Photo/Jae C. Hong)

  • A visitor stands outside the Jaggar Museum overlooking Kilauea's summit crater in Volcanoes National Park, Hawaii, Torsdag, May 10, 2018. The park is closing Friday due to the threat of an explosive volcanic eruption. (AP Photo/Jae C. Hong)

  • Restaurant worker William Kauhane, 20, moves chairs at Lava Rock Cafe in Volcano, Hawaii Thursday, May 10, 2018. The village is located on the border of Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, just a few miles east of Kilauea's summit crater. (AP Photo/Jae C. Hong)

  • The entrance to Volcano Inn is photographed in Volcano, Hawaii, Torsdag, May 10, 2018. The village is located on the border of Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, just a few miles east of Kilauea's summit crater. (AP Photo/Jae C. Hong)

  • Vehicles wait in line to enter Volcanoes National Park, Hawaii, Torsdag, May 10, 2018. If Hawaii's Kilauea volcano blows its top in the coming days or weeks, as experts fear, it could hurl ash and boulders the size of refrigerators miles into the air, shutting down airline traffic and endangering lives in all directions, scientists said Thursday. (AP Photo/Jae C. Hong)

  • Students play volleyball at the Volcano School of Arts and Sciences in Volcano, Hawaii, Torsdag, May 10, 2018. The village is located on the border of Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, just a few miles east of Kilauea's summit crater. (AP Photo/Jae C. Hong)

  • I denne onsdag, 9. maj kl. 2018 foto, an ash column rises from the crater at the summit of Kilauea volcano at Volcanoes National Park, Hawaii. Scientists said Wednesday the risks of an explosive summit eruption will rise in coming weeks as magma drains down the flank of the volcano toward the area lava started erupting from fissures in a residential neighborhood last week. (U.S. Geological Survey via AP)

  • Sgt. 1st Class Carl Satterwaite, of the U.S. National Guard, tests air quality near cracks emitting volcanic gases from a lava flow in the Leilani Estates subdivision near Pahoa, Hawaii on Thursday, May 10, 2018. Kilauea has destroyed more than 35 structures since it began releasing lava from vents about 25 miles (40 kilometers) east of the summit crater. (AP Photo/Jae C. Hong)

  • First Lt. Aaron Hew Len, centrum, and Sgt. 1st Class Carl Satterwaite, of the U.S. National Guard, test air quality near cracks emitting volcanic gases from a lava flow in the Leilani Estates subdivision near Pahoa, Hawaii Thursday, May 10, 2018. Kilauea has destroyed more than 35 structures since it began releasing lava from vents about 25 miles (40 kilometers) east of the summit crater. (AP Photo/Jae C. Hong)

© 2018 Associated Press. Alle rettigheder forbeholdes.