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Sydkorea opsender den første satellit med hjemmedyrket raket

Nuri-raketten, den første indenlandsk producerede rumraket, løfter fra en affyringsrampe ved Naro Space Center i Goheung, Sydkorea, tirsdag den 21. juni 2022. Sydkorea opsendte sin første indenlandsk byggede rumraket tirsdag i landets anden. Forsøg, måneder efter dets tidligere løft, lykkedes det ikke at placere en nyttelast i kredsløb. Kredit:Korea Pool/Yonhap via AP

Sydkorea gennemførte sin første vellykkede satellitopsendelse ved hjælp af en indenlandsk udviklet raket i tirsdags, sagde embedsmænd, hvilket øgede landets voksende luft- og rumfartsambitioner og demonstrerede, at det har nøgleteknologier, der er nødvendige for at opsende spionsatellitter og bygge større missiler midt i spændinger med rivaliserende Nordkorea.

Tre-trins Nuri-raketten placerede en fungerende "performance verification"-satellit i en målhøjde på 700 kilometer (435 miles) efter dens kl. løft fra Sydkoreas rumopsendelsescenter på en sydlig ø, sagde Videnskabsministeriet.

Satellitten sendte signaler om sin status til en ubemandet sydkoreansk station i Antarktis. Den bærer fire mindre satellitter, der vil blive frigivet i de kommende dage til jordobservation og andre missioner, sagde embedsmænd i ministeriet.

"Videnskaben og teknologien i Republikken Korea har gjort et stort fremskridt," sagde videnskabsminister Lee Jong-Ho på en tv-transmitteret nyhedskonference i lanceringscentret. "Regeringen vil fortsætte sin dristige march mod at blive en rummagt sammen med folket."

I en videokonference med videnskabsmænd og andre involverede i lanceringen lykønskede præsident Yoon Suk Yeol dem for deres præstation og lovede at holde sit kampagneløfte om at etablere et statsligt rumfartsagentur, ifølge hans kontor.

Live tv-video viste den 47 meter lange raket, der stiger op i luften midt i lyse flammer og tyk hvid røg.

Folk ser Nuri-raketten, den første indenlandsk producerede rumraket, lette fra affyringsrampen nær Naro Space Center i Goheung, Sydkorea, tirsdag den 21. juni 2022. Sydkorea opsendte sin første indenlandsk byggede rumraket tirsdag i landets andet forsøg, måneder efter dets tidligere start, lykkedes det ikke at placere en nyttelast i kredsløb. Kredit:Chun Jung-in/Yonhap via AP

Opsendelsen gjorde Sydkorea til verdens 10. nation til at placere en satellit i rummet med sin egen teknologi.

Det var Sydkoreas anden opsendelse af en Nuri-raket. I det første forsøg i oktober sidste år nåede rakettens dummy-nyttelast den ønskede højde, men kom ikke i kredsløb, fordi motoren på rakettens tredje trin udbrændte tidligere end planlagt.

Sydkorea, som har verdens 10. største økonomi, er en stor producent af halvledere, biler og smartphones. Men dets rumudviklingsprogram halter bagefter de asiatiske naboer Kina, Indien og Japan.

Nordkorea placerede jordobservationssatellitter i kredsløb i 2012 og 2016, selvom der ikke er bevis for, at nogen af ​​dem nogensinde har transmitteret afstandsbaserede billeder og data hjem. De nordkoreanske opsendelser resulterede i økonomiske sanktioner fra FN, fordi de blev betragtet som dække for at teste landets forbudte langtrækkende missilteknologi.

Sydkoreas præsident Yoon Suk Yeol, i midten, fejrer den vellykkede opsendelse af Nuri-raketten, den første indenlandsk producerede rumraket, på præsidentkontoret i Seoul, Sydkorea, tirsdag den 21. juni 2022. Sydkorea lancerede sit første indenlandsk byggede rum raket i tirsdags i landets andet forsøg, måneder efter at dets tidligere løft ikke lykkedes at placere en nyttelast i kredsløb. Kredit:Ahn Jung-won/Yonhap via AP

Siden begyndelsen af ​​1990'erne har Sydkorea sendt en række satellitter ud i rummet, men alle brugte udenlandsk raketteknologi eller opsendelsessteder. I 2013 opsendte Sydkorea med succes en satellit for første gang fra sin jord, men den første fase af raketten var russisk fremstillet.

Efter denne satellitopsendelse beskyldte Nordkoreas udenrigsministerium USA for at have "dobbeltstandarder og brigandisk natur", og argumenterede for, at Washington støttede den sydkoreanske opsendelse, men førte FN-sanktionerne over Nordens satellitopsendelse året før. Nordkorea kommenterede ikke umiddelbart tirsdagens Nuri-lancering.

Sydkorea planlægger yderligere fire Nuri-lanceringer i de kommende år. Det håber også at sende en sonde til månen, bygge næste generations løfteraketter og sende store satellitter i kredsløb.

På dette foto leveret af Korea Aerospace Research Institute løfter Nuri-raketten, den første indenlandsk producerede rumraket, fra en affyringsrampe ved Naro Space Center i Goheung, Sydkorea, tirsdag den 21. juni 2022. Sydkorea opsendte med succes sin first homegrown space rocket on Tuesday, officials said, a triumph that boosted the country's growing space ambitions but also proved it has key technologies to build a space-based surveillance system and bigger missiles amid animosities with rival North Korea.Credit:Korea Aerospace Research Institute via AP

South Korean officials said the Nuri rocket has no military purposes.

The transfer of space launch technology is strictly restricted under a multilateral export control regime because it has military applications. Ballistic missiles and space launch vehicles often share similar bodies, engines and other components, though missiles require a reentry capability and other technologies.

"If you put a satellite on the top of a rocket, it would become a space launch vehicle. But if you mount a warhead on it, it becomes a weapon," said Kwon Yong Soo, a former professor at Korea National Defense University in South Korea. "(A successful launch) is really meaningful because we also succeed in the test of a long-range rocket that can be used to build a long-range missile."

Lee Choon Geun, an honorary research fellow at South Korea's Science and Technology Policy Institute, said it would be difficult to directly use Nuri as a missile because it employs liquid fuels that must be kept at extremely low temperatures and requires much longer fueling time than solid fuels. He said North Korean long-range missiles also use liquid fuels, but extremely toxic ones that are maintained at ordinary temperatures and require less fueling time than Nuri.

  • The Nuri rocket, the first domestically built space rocket, lifts off from a launch pad at the Naro Space Center in Goheung, South Korea, Tuesday, June 21, 2022. South Korea launched its first domestically built space rocket on Tuesday in the country's second attempt, months after its earlier liftoff failed to place a payload into orbit. Credit:Kim In-chul/Yonhap via AP

  • In this photo provided by Korea Aerospace Research Institute, the Nuri rocket, the first domestically produced space rocket, lifts off from the Naro Space Center in Goheung, South Korea, Tuesday, June 21, 2022. South Korea successfully launched its first homegrown space rocket on Tuesday, officials said, a triumph that boosted the country's growing space ambitions but also proved it has key technologies to build a space-based surveillance system and bigger missiles amid animosities with rival North Korea.Credit:Korea Aerospace Research Institute via AP

  • The Nuri rocket, the first domestically produced space rocket, lifts off from a launch pad at the Naro Space Center in Goheung, South Korea, Tuesday, June 21, 2022. South Korea successfully launched its first homegrown space rocket on Tuesday, officials said, a triumph that boosted the country's growing space ambitions but also proved it has key technologies to build a space-based surveillance system and bigger missiles amid animosities with rival North Korea. Credit:Korea Pool/Yonhap via AP

  • People watch a TV screen showing a live news program at a train station in Seoul, South Korea, Tuesday, June 21, 2022. South Korea launched its first domestically built space rocket on Tuesday in the country's second attempt, months after its earlier liftoff failed to place a payload into orbit. Credit:AP Photo/Lee Jin-man

  • In this photo provided by Korea Aerospace Research Institute, the Nuri rocket, the first domestically produced space rocket, lifts off from a launch pad at the Naro Space Center in Goheung, South Korea, Tuesday, June 21, 2022. South Korea successfully launched its first homegrown space rocket on Tuesday, officials said, a triumph that boosted the country's growing space ambitions but also proved it has key technologies to build a space-based surveillance system and bigger missiles amid animosities with rival North Korea.Credit:Korea Aerospace Research Institute via AP

  • People watch a TV screen showing a news program about the country's rocket launch at a train station in Seoul, South Korea, Tuesday, June 21, 2022. South Korea launched its first domestically built space rocket on Tuesday in the country's second attempt, months after its earlier liftoff failed to place a payload into orbit. Credit:AP Photo/Lee Jin-man

  • The Nuri rocket, the first domestically produced space rocket, lifts off from a launch pad at the Naro Space Center in Goheung, South Korea, Tuesday, June 21, 2022. South Korea launched its first domestically built space rocket on Tuesday in the country's second attempt, months after its earlier liftoff failed to place a payload into orbit. Credit:Korea Pool/Yonhap via AP

This year, North Korea has test-launched about 30 missiles with ranges that potentially place the U.S. mainland and regional allies South Korea and Japan within striking distance.

South Korea already has missiles that can hit all of North Korea, but some experts say it also needs longer-range missiles because it's surrounded by regional military powers and potential adversaries.

"If we only think about North Korea, a long-range missile doesn't mean much for us. But it's very unfortunate that military powers like China and Russia are near us," Kwon said.

He said Nuri's successful launch proves South Korea has the capability to send a spy satellite into orbit. Lee said Nuri can be used to launch a spy satellite, but it would be better for South Korea to have many small spy satellites that could be sent up with less powerful solid-fueled rockets.

South Korea currently has no military reconnaissance satellites of its own and depends on U.S. spy satellites to monitor strategic facilities in North Korea. South Korea has said it plans to launch its own surveillance satellites soon. + Udforsk yderligere

S. Korea conducts successful rocket engine test

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