Hvide Hus løfter sløret for kunstig intelligens Bill of Rights

Biden-administrationen afslørede tirsdag et sæt vidtrækkende mål, der sigter mod at afværge skader forårsaget af fremkomsten af ​​kunstig intelligens-systemer, herunder retningslinjer for, hvordan man beskytter folks personlige data og begrænser overvågning.

Blueprint for en AI Bill of Rights angiver især ikke specifikke håndhævelseshandlinger, men er i stedet tænkt som en opfordring til handling fra Det Hvide Hus til den amerikanske regering for at beskytte digitale og borgerlige rettigheder i en AI-drevet verden, sagde embedsmænd.

"Dette er Biden-Harris-administrationen, der virkelig siger, at vi er nødt til at arbejde sammen, ikke kun på tværs af regeringen, men på tværs af alle sektorer, for virkelig at sætte retfærdighed i centrum og borgerrettigheder i centrum for de måder, vi laver og bruger og styre teknologier," sagde Alondra Nelson, vicedirektør for videnskab og samfund ved Det Hvide Hus Office of Science and Technology Policy. "Vi kan og bør forvente bedre og kræve bedre af vores teknologier."

Kontoret sagde, at hvidbogen repræsenterer et stort fremskridt i administrationens dagsorden for at holde teknologivirksomheder ansvarlige, og fremhævede forskellige føderale agenturers forpligtelser til at veje nye regler og studere de specifikke virkninger af AI-teknologier. Dokumentet opstod efter en årelang konsultation med mere end to dusin forskellige afdelinger og inkorporerer også feedback fra civilsamfundsgrupper, teknologer, industriforskere og teknologivirksomheder, herunder Palantir og Microsoft.

Den fremsætter fem kerneprincipper, som Det Hvide Hus siger, bør indbygges i AI-systemer for at begrænse virkningerne af algoritmisk bias, give brugerne kontrol over deres data og sikre, at automatiserede systemer bruges sikkert og gennemsigtigt.

De ikke-bindende principper citerer akademisk forskning, bureauundersøgelser og nyhedsrapporter, der har dokumenteret skader fra den virkelige verden fra AI-drevne værktøjer, inklusive ansigtsgenkendelsesværktøjer, der bidrog til uretmæssige anholdelser og et automatiseret system, der diskriminerede mod låneansøgere, der deltog i en Historically Black College eller universitet.

Hvidbogen sagde også, at forældre og socialarbejdere kunne drage fordel af at vide, om børneværnsorganer brugte algoritmer til at hjælpe med at beslutte, hvornår familier skal efterforskes for mishandling.

Earlier this year, after the publication of an AP review of an algorithmic tool used in a Pennsylvania child welfare system, OSTP staffers reached out to sources quoted in the article to learn more, according to multiple people who participated in the call. AP's investigation found that the Allegheny County tool in its first years of operation showed a pattern of flagging a disproportionate number of Black children for a "mandatory" neglect investigation, when compared with white children.

In May, sources said Carnegie Mellon University researchers and staffers from the American Civil Liberties Union spoke with OSTP officials about child welfare agencies' use of algorithms. Nelson said protecting children from technology harms remains an area of concern.

"If a tool or an automated system is disproportionately harming a vulnerable community, there should be, one would hope, that there would be levers and opportunities to address that through some of the specific applications and prescriptive suggestions," said Nelson, who also serves as deputy assistant to President Joe Biden.

OSTP did not provide additional comment about the May meeting.

Still, because many AI-powered tools are developed, adopted or funded at the state and local level, the federal government has limited oversight regarding their use. The white paper makes no specific mention of how the Biden administration could influence specific policies at state or local levels, but a senior administration official said the administration was exploring how to align federal grants with AI guidance.

The white paper does not have power over tech companies that develop the tools nor does it include any new legislative proposals. Nelson said agencies would continue to use existing rules to prevent automated systems from unfairly disadvantaging people.

The white paper also did not specifically address AI-powered technologies funded through the Department of Justice, whose civil rights division separately has been examining algorithmic harms, bias and discrimination, Nelson said.

Tucked between the calls for greater oversight, the white paper also said when appropriately implemented, AI systems have the power to bring about lasting benefits to society, such as helping farmers grow food more efficiently or identifying diseases.

"Fueled by the power of American innovation, these tools hold the potential to redefine every part of our society and make life better for everyone. This important progress must not come at the price of civil rights or democratic values," the document said. + Udforsk yderligere

White House proposes tech 'bill of rights' to limit AI harms

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